NORMAL LABORATORY VALUES.

  Normal Laboratory Values  

Summary of the different normal laboratory values. You can learn more about each diagnostic testing in the sections ahead.

Erythrocyte Studies 

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)

 Male adult: 4.5 – 6.2 million/mm3 ; 

 Female adult: 4.5 – 5.0 million/mm3

Hemoglobin (Hgb):

 Male: 14-16.5 g/dL; Female: 12-15 g/dL

Hematocrit (Hct):

 Male: 42 – 52%; Female: 35 – 47%

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV):

 78 – 100 μm3 (male) 78 – 102 μm3   (female)

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV):

 78 – 100 μm3 (male)

 78 – 102 μm3 (female)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH):

 25 – 35pg

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC):

 31 – 37%

Serum iron:

 Male: 65 – 175 mcg/dL

 Female: 50 – 170 mcg/dL

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR):

 0 – 30 mm/hour 

 (value may vary depending on age)

White Blood Cells and Differential

White Blood Cell (WBC) Count:

 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm³

Neutrophils: 55 – 70%

Lymphocytes: 20 – 40%

Monocytes: 2 – 8%

Eosinophils: 1 – 4%

Basophils: 0–2%

Coagulation Studies

Platelet count (PLT):

 150,000 to 400,000 cells/mm³

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

 20 to 60 seconds

 (depending on the type of activator used)

Prothrombin time (PT): 11 – 13 seconds

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT):

 25 – 35 seconds

Fibrinogen: 

 203 – 377 mg/dL

Bleeding time:

1 to 3 minutes (Duke method)

3 to 6 minutes (Ivy method)

D-Dimer: < 500 ng/mL

Serum Electrolytes

Potassium (K+): 

 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L

Sodium (Na+):

 135-145 mEq/L

Chloride (Cl-): 

 95 – 105 mEq/L

Calcium (Ca+):

    Total calcium:8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

    Ionized calcium:4.0 – 5.0 mg/dL

Phosphorus (P):

 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL

Magnesium (Mg):

 1.6 to 2.6 mg/dL

Serum Osmolality:

 280 to 300 mOsm/kg

Serum bicarbonate:

 22 to 29 mEq/L

   

Renal Function Studies

 Creatinine (Cr): 0.6 to 1.3 mg/dL

 BUN: 8 to 25 mg/dL

Glucose Studies

Glucose:

Glucose, fasting: 70 – 110 mg/dL

Glucose, monitoring: 60 – 110 mg/dL

Glucose, 2-hr postprandial: <140mg/dL

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)

70 – 110 mg/dL (baseline fasting)

110 – 170 mg/dL (30 minute fasting)

120 – 170 mg/dL (60 minute fasting)

100 – 140 mg/dL (90 minute fasting)

70 – 120 mg/dL (120 minute fasting)

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)

7% or lower (good control of diabetes)

7% to 8% (fair control of diabetes)

Higher than 8 % (poor control of diabetes)

Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs)

Arterial blood pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Oxygen saturation (SaO2): >95%

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2): 

 35 – 45 mmHg

Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2): 80 – 100 mmHg

Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22 – 26 mEq/L

Liver Function Tests

Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT):

 Male: 10 to 55 units/L

 Female: 7 to 30 units/L

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST):

 Male: 10 – 40 units/L
 Female: 9 – 25 units/L

Total bilirubin: 0.3 – 1.0 mg/dL

Direct bilirubin (conjugated): 0.0 to 0.2 mg/dL

Indirect bilirubin (unconjugated):

 0.1 to 1 mg/dL; Critical level: > 12 mg/dL

Albumin: 3.4 to 5 g/dL

Ammonia: 35 – 65 mcg/dL (adult)

Amylase: 25 to 151 units/L

Lipase: 10 to 140 units/L

Protein: 6 to 8 g/dL

Lipoprotein Profile

Cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL

High-density lipoprotein (HDL): 30 to 70 mg/dL

Low density lipoprotein (LDL): Less than 130 mg/dL

Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL

Cardiac Markers and Serum Enzymes

Creatine kinase (CK)

 Male: 38 – 174 U/L
 Female: 26 – 140 U/L

Creatinine kinase isoenzymes:

 CK-MM: 95% – 100% of total
 CK-MB: 0% – 5% of total
 CK-BB: 0%

Myoglobin: 5–70 ng/mL

Troponin:

 Troponin: 

  Less than 0.04 ng/mL; above 0.40 ng/mL may indicate MI
 Troponin T: 

  Greater than 0.1 to 0.2 ng/mL may indicate MI
 Troponin I: 

  Less than 0.6 ng/mL; >1.5 ng/mL indicate MI

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP): 22 to 27 pg/mL

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP): less than 100 pg/mL

HIV and AIDS Testing

CD4+ T-cell count:

Normal: 500 to 1600 cells/L.
Severe: Less than 200 cells/L
CD4-to-CD8 ratio: 2:1

Thyroid function test

Triiodothyronine (T₃): 80 to 230 ng/dL
Thyroxine (T₄): 5 to 12 mcg/dL
Thyroxine, free (FT₄): 0.8 to 2.4 ng/dL
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin): 0.2 to 5.4 microunits/mL

Urinalysis

Color: Pale yellow
Odor: Aromatic odor
Turbidity: Clear
Specific gravity: 1.016 to 1.022
pH: 4.5 to 7.8
Protein: Negative
Ketones: Negative
Bilirubin: Negative
Glucose: >0.5 g/day
Red blood cells: < 3 cells/HPF
White blood cells: < or = 4 cells/HPF
Bacteria: None or >1000/ml
Casts: None to few
Crystals: None
Uric acid: 250 to 750 mg/24 hours
Sodium: 40 to 220 mEq/24 hours
Potassium: 25 to 125 mEq/24 hours
Magnesium: 7.3 – 12.2 mg/dL

1. Hepatitis A: Presence of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to Hepatitis A and presence of total antibody (IgG and IgM) may suggest recent or current Hep A infections.
2. Hepatitis B: Detection of Hep B core Antigen (HBcAg), envelope antigen (HBeAg), and surface antigen (HBsAg), or their corresponding antibodies.
3. Hepatitis C: Confirmed by the presence of antibodies to the Hep C virus.
4. Hepatitis D: Detection of Hep D antigen (HDAg) early in the course of infection and detection of Hep D virus antibody in later stages of the disease.
5. Hepatitis E: Specific serological tests for the hepatitis E virus include the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to hepatitis E.